Gothic Narratives
Collins' Story in Caleb Williams
To the reader it may appear at first sight
as if this detail of the preceding life of Mr. Falkland were foreign to my
history. Alas! I know from bitter experience that it is
otherwise. (66)
--William Godwin, Caleb Williams
Collins' story, which comprises the first of three volumes of Caleb
Williams, details the backstory of Mr. Falkland, the mysterious
employer of Caleb as detailed in the short introduction to the tale. This
story is unique in terms of embedded narratives because it begins as
Collins recounting what happened in the past, but Collins fades out and
the story is narrated in the third person like the rest of the novel.
This story borders on being purely explanatory, since the events of the
narrative do not directly influence the path of the story but only plant
seeds in Caleb which will later predicate his actions. However, tropes
such as the difficulty of determining truth which
pervade Collins' narrative are also apparent in the novel as a whole.
Caleb appropriately does not believe Collins' version of the Tyrrel's
murder, and in doing so casts thematic doubt as to the belief of his own
story. The novel ends:I began these memoirs
with the idea of vindicating my character. I have now no character that I
wish to vindicate: but I will finish them that thy story may be fully
understood; and that, if those errors of thy life be known which thou so
ardently desiredst to conceal, the world may at least not hear and repeat
a half-told and mangled tale. (434)
Caleb's acceptance of his tale as only being "half" the story is a
thematic reference to Collins' narrative which was also, as we later found out,
only half the story. This narrative has, therefore, a low-level
dramaturgical relationship with the main narrative.
In "Reading Beginnings and Endings," Peter Rabinowitz writes:
The concerntrating quality of a detail in a
privileged position can be demonstrated by looking at Anna
Karenina. The novel has a large cast of characters - so large that we
might hardly notice Anna's arrival were the novel not named for her. But
because of the title, we know from the beginning that we should look at
the other characters in their relationship to her, rather than vice
versa. (301)
Collins' narrative relates to the title in that we know that Falkland's
story is only important in its relationship to Caleb. While that would
certainly become clear in volumes two and three, Godwin, like Tolstoy,
relies on his title to predicate our reading of the opening scenes in
which the main character does not play a prominent role. The reader is
not supposed to identify with Falkland, as one might in a novel entitled,
say, "The Adventures of Mr. Falkland," but has to concentrate on the
narrative's effect, counterintuitively, on Caleb.
This reading is complicated by Godwin's subtitle, "Things as They
Are," which also helps the reader in Collins' story. The implication of
the subtitle is that the narrative will eventually make some point
about what happens if things are not "as they are" and would focus
the reader's attention on possible discrepencies in the story that is
presented. Truth is a fickle matter throughout
Caleb Williams and the trope of things perhaps being differently
from how they are presented is one that appears in Collins' narrative,
but is not expounded upon until Caleb bursts on the scene in volumes two and
three.
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