Gothic Narratives
Edgar Huntly's Frame Story
I sit down, my friend, to comply with thy
request. At length does the impetuosity of my fears, the transports of my
wonder permit me to recollect my promise and perform it. At length am I
somewhat delivered from suspence and from tremors. At length the drama is
brought to an imperfect close, and the series of events, that absorbed my
faculties, that hurried away my attention, has terminated in
repose. (643)
--Charles Brockden Brown, Edgar Huntly
Letters, both between Edgar and an unnamed female recipient and those
involving Sarsefield at the end, serve several functions as narrative
devices in the Gothic novel. Edgar's act of letter writing frames the
entirety of what follows, and the obvious problems of reliability of
narration stem from this formatting choice. In "The Literary Frame," John
Frow writes:
As the index of a conventional mode of
appropriation of reality, the frame thus corresponds roughly to what
George Kubler calls the "self-signal" of a work, its signification of
itself as a function with a differential relation to reality. But the
difficulty of coping with the concept of frame is the
near-invisibility of the frame. We have been
taught to naturalize the artificial space of the aesthetic object, to lose
ourselves in an inside which is as unlimited as the world, and this
means that our "natural" inclication is to see the word in the same way we
see the world, without awareness of the edge of our eyes'
scan. (337,
original emphasis)
Brockden Brown's choice of a "real" frame, to use Frow's language,
signals the reader that the relationship between the work and reality is
not only undifferentiated but plausible. Edgar, the character that is
writing the letter, struggles to no longer be the Edgar Huntly
which participates in the adventures that he chronicles. In "'Perverse
Nature': Edgar Huntly and the Novel's Reproductive Disorders," Dana
Luciano describes Edgar's narrative difficulties as a function of his
inability to "separate himself from himself - he cannot stop being
- long enough to write" (4).
The primary letter (from Edgar to his correspondent) ends, abruptly,
before the novel's page have all been turned. In her book The
Coherence of Gothic Conventions, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick writes:
Of all the Gothic conventions dealing with the
sudden, mysterious, seemingly arbitrary, but massive inaccessibility of
those things that should normally be most accessible, the difficulty the
story has in getting itself told is of the most obvious structural
significance. This difficulty occurs at every level of the novels. A
fully legible manuscript or an uninterrupted narrative is
rare.... (13-14).
The inability of a story to be completely told is exemplified in
Edgar Huntly.
Clithero's character is incomplete as
described by Edgar, and
Sarsefield's letter is necessary to put
everything in its right place at
the end. The difficulties the story has in getting itself told, as
Sedgwick puts it, transcends simple narrative convention in search of a
new narrator who can fill in the gaps left by the particular narrator who
took us most of the way, but in a typically Gothic fashion, cannot
finish.
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