This laboratory is also available in PDF.
Summary: We explore two techniques for algorithmically
generating interesting images: Random drawing and Color grids.
Contents:
For the second half of this laboratory, you will need to have a copy of
grid.scm in your GIMP
scripts folder.
a. Open a new terminal window.
b. Type
ln -s /home/rebelsky/Web/Courses/CS151/2006F/Examples/grid.scm .gimp-2.2/scripts/grid.scm
c. Start GIMP and verify that the menu contains
a submenu.
d. Make you own copy of random-art.scm.
e. Start DrScheme and open your copy of random-art.scm.
f. In the GIMP, open a Script-Fu console and load random-art.scm.
a. Read through random-art.scm to make sure that you know
what all of the procedures do.
b. Create an image (say 200 wide by 100 high) and name it image.
c. Enter the following sequence of commands a few times to generate a few
random
lines.
(set-fgcolor (random-color))
(random-brush)
(random-line image 200 100)
a. Read through the code to determine what splat does.
b. Use splat to generate a few additional lines.
c. As you may have noted, random-art.scm contains two
different procedures for generating a random color in a limited range,
random-blue and random-grey. Make sure that
you understand the strategy used for each.
d. Update splat to that it only generates grey lines. Draw
a few more lines.
e. Update splat so that it only generates blue lines. Draw
a few more lines.
f. Update splat so that it only uses circular brushes.
g. Pick a few favorite brushes and update splat so that it
selects between those brushes.
a. Write a procedure, (random-ellipse img width height), that
selects an unpredictable eclipse in img. (The parameters
width and height represent the width and height
of the image. You can use them or ignore them.)
b. Test your procedure with a sequence of commands like the following:
(define img (create-img 200 100))
(random-ellipse img 200 100)
(stroke img)
c. In addition to selecting a random ellipse, we might also want
to select a random foreground color, a random background color, and
even a random brush. Rather than retyping a sequence of commands,
we might encapsulate them into a procedure, which we might call
splat.
Write a procedure, (blob img width height) that
- chooses a random foreground color (perhaps from a certain group of colors),
- chooses a random background color (perhaps from a certain group of colors),
- chooses a random brush (perhaps from a certain group of brushes).
- selects a random ellipse (using
random-ellipse),
- fills the ellipse with the background color, and
- strokes the ellipse.
d. Test your procedure by drawing a few blobs on the screen.
In the previous exercise, you wrote a procedure, blob and
then called it a few times. In practice, most programmers don't like to
type the name of a procedure again and again and again. What's the solution?
A new procedure that repatedly calls blob.
Write and test a procedure, (blobs img width height times)
that draws a blob on the image times times.
a. Set the current brush to a medium circle.
(set-brush "Circle (09)")
a. From the menu, select ,
then , and finally Color Grid. A dialog
box should appear. Enter 100 for the width and height, and 10 for the
horizontal and vertical spacing. Observe the image that appears.
b. What do you expect to happen if you use 8 for the horizontal and vertical
spacing? Confirm or reject your prediction experimentally.
c. Set the current brush to a larger fuzzy circle.
(set-brush "Circle Fuzzy (15)")
d. What do you expect to happen if you again use 8 for the horizontal and vertical
spacing? Confirm or reject your prediction experimentally.
e. What do you expect to happen if you use func3 for the red
component (continuing to use func2 for green and func3
for blue)? Confirm or reject your prediction experimentally.
f. Try one or two other brushes and one or two other arrangements of functions.
a. With DrScheme, create a new file on your desktop, components.scm.
b. Add the following function to that file.
(define func4
(lambda (x y)
(modulo (+ (* 3 x) (* 5 y)) 256)))
c. Make a link to that file in your Script-Fu scripts folder by opening a
new terminal window and typing the following command:
ln -s /home/username/Desktop/components.scm .gimp-2.2/scripts/components.scm
(You only need to do this once, but it makes sure that the GIMP knows about
the file.)
d. Refresh scripts by selecting ->. (You will need to refresh scripts whenever you change components.scm.)
e. Verify that you can now use func4 in building a Color Grid.
f. Add the following procedure to components.scm.
(define func5
(lambda (x y)
(modulo (* x (abs (sin y))) 256)))
g. Verify that you can use this procedure. (If you can't remember that you need
to save the file and to refresh scripts.)
h. Add a few of your own interesting
component functions.
As you may have noted from the previous exercise, it can be a bit of a pain
to remember to save and refresh every time you define a new component function.
As the reading suggests, we can
instead use anonymous functions.
a. Open the Color Grid dialog box, use the following for the red, green,
and blue components, and then display the grid.
-
(lambda (x y) (modulo (* x 5) 256))
-
(lambda (x y) (modulo (* y 5) 256))
-
(lambda (x y) 0)
b. Try some functions of your own design. Remember that each function has
the form (lambda (x y) expression) and that the
expression should return a value in the range [0..255].
Some people (myself included) prefer to generate their grids from the console.
As you may recall from the reading, the color-grid procedure has
seven parameters:
- the width of the image
- the height of the image
- the horizontal spacing between points
- the vertical spacing between points
- the red component function
- the green component function
- the blue component function
For example, here's the command that we might use for the first grid we
drew (100x100, 10x10 grid)
(color-grid 100 100 10 10 func1 func2 func3)
a. Try that example.
b. Try varying the parameters (e.g., using a different width, height, spacing,
or function).
c. Try using lambda expressions for the functions. For example
(color-grid 100 100 8 9 (lambda (x y) (modulo (* x y) 256)) (lambda (x y) (modulo (* x 5) 256)) (lambda (x y) (trunc (* 255 (abs (sin (* x y)))))))
;
