This lab is also available in PDF.
Summary:
In this laboratory, you will extend the operations you've used to transform
colors into operations that transform images.
Contents:
Reference:
In this laboratory, you will be creating a few images and manipulating
others. We will also be working with some colors.
Create a new 4x3 image, call it canvas, show it, and zoom
in to 16x resolution.
Open an existing image of your choice, call it picture, and
show it. Please choose an image that is not too large (say, not much
more than 250x250).
Load your list of favorite colors, /home/username/Desktop/fave-colors.sct. If you don't have that list, use /home/rebelsky/glimmer/samples/fave-colors.sct.
a. Set a few pixels in canvas to colors of your choice. Leave
others black or white.
b. What do you expect to happen when you use image.map!
to complement each pixel in canvas, using the following
instruction?
(image.map! rgb.complement canvas)
c. Check your answer experimentally.
d. What do you expect to have happen if you use image.map!
to complement each pixel in picture? (You would use nearly
the same instruction, substituting picture for canvas.)
e. Check your answer experimentally.
f. What do you expect to have happen if you once again complement each
pixel in picture?
g. Check your answer experimentally.
a. What do you expect to have happen if you use image.map!
to redden each pixel in canvas?
b. Check your answer experimentally.
c. You may have noticed that in the previous problem, we were able to
undo the complement transformation by complementing again. Is there
an easy way to undo the redden operation? (You do not have to write
code; just explain how to do it.)
d. Are there transformations or sequences of transformations that would
be impossible to undo? (That is, can you do something to an image such
that there is nothing that you can do to the revised image that will
bring back the original image?)
As you may have just observed, there are times that transforming an
image can be dangerous, because we cannot easily undo some transformations.
As an alternative, many programmers build new images that simulate the
transformation, rather than transforming the existing in place. In
DrFu, the image.map operation does just that. It returns
the identifier of a new image.
a. Consider the following instruction. What effect do you have expect
this instruction to have on canvas?
(define new-image (image.map! rgb.darker canvas))
b. Check your answer experimentally.
c. Consider the following instruction. What effect do you have expect
this instruction to have on canvas?
(define newer-image (image.map rgb.darker canvas))
d. Check your answer experimentally.
e. What do you expect to have happen if we show newer-image?
f. Check your answer experimentally.
g. What do you expect to have happen with each of the following:
(define img1 (image.map rgb.rotate canvas))
(define img2 (image.map rgb.lighter canvas))
(define img3 (image.map rgb.phaseshift canvas))
(image.show img1)
(image.show img2)
(image.show img3)
h. Check you answer experimentally.
Consider the following definitions.
(define much-darker (compose rgb.darker rgb.darker))
(define red (rgb.new 255 0 0))
a. What color do you expect (much-darker red) to compute?
(Answer the question in terms of red, green, and blue values.)
b. Check your answer experimentally.
c. Set the top-left pixel of canvas to red.
d. What effect do you expect the following instruction to have?
(image.transform-pixel! canvas 0 0 (compose rgb.lighter rgb.lighter))
e. Check your answer experimentally.
f. What effect do you expect the following instruction to have?
(image.transform-pixel! canvas 0 0 (compose rgb.lighter (compose rgb.lighter rgb.lighter)))
g. Check your answer experimentally.
Consider the composition (compose rgb.darker rgb.phaseshift).
a. Does this darken the image first or phase shift the image first.
b. Does it matter? That is, do you get the same result either way?
c. Check your answer experimentally with image.map.
Earlier in this lab, we saw that some transformations had natural inverses
and some did not. For example, if you complement a color twice, you get
the original color. For many colors, if you lighten and then darken the
color, you get the original color. (If any of the components is very large,
then we may not be able to restore the original color.)
a. Consider the rgb.redder operation. How would you write an
inverse to that operation using the based color transformations along
with composition?
b. Test your answer using image.map. For example, if you
decided that the answer was to make the image greener and bluer, you
might write something like the following.
(define redder-canvas (image.map rgb.redder canvas))
(define not-redder-canvas (image.map (compose rgb.greener rgb.bluer) redder-canvas))
(image.show redder-canvas)
(image.show not-redder-canvas)
In case you were wondering, making the image greener and bluer does not
invert the redder operation.
Explorations are intended for students interested in further
exploring the design aspects of these techniques. They also
provide students who finish early with extra activities that may
challenge them in different ways.
While we only have a few basic transformations, there are, in some sense,
an infinite number of ways to combine them. Try to find an interesting
composition of basic transformations that someone might want to use as a
filter.
;
